Anfal 41
41- AND KNOW THAT OUT OF WHAT YOU TAKE OF THE WAR BOUNTY, ITS FIFTH GOES TO ALLAH, HIS MESSENGER, THE CLOSE KIND, THE ORPHANS, THE POOR AND THE WAY-FARER, IF YOU BELIEVE IN ALLAH AND WHAT WAS SENT DOWN UPON OUR SLAVE, ON THE DAY WHEN THE RIGHT WAS DISTINGUISHED FROM THE WRONG, THE DAY WHEN THE TWO ARMIES MET AND FOUGHT, FOR INDEED ALLAH IS ABLE TO DO ALL THINGS.
All the nations and prophets before Mohamed prayer and peace upon him were not allowed to take the spoils and bounty of war. Allah the Highest is allowing this for the Muslims in this Ayah.
Also Allah the Highest is giving a Fifth of this bounty to Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him and from this he gives the orphans, poor, and the way-farer. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him used to give this fifth of the bounty away to those who need it, particularly as there were many poor Muslims and many who left all their property and money behind when they migrated to Medina, and there were also orphans, widows and old people who could not fight. From that fifth he also spent on his family and himself. Mohamed prayer and peace upon him was never known to live in luxury, indeed he and his family always tightened the belt. It was known for a month to pass without a fire being lit in any of houses, meaning not having cooked a meal.
The four fifth were distributed among those who fought in the battle. Also the custom was that every man takes the bounty of the person he killed in the battle, which was his sword, shield, etc.
One might consider this fifth to be like the Zakah of the war bounty, except that Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him was allowed to take out of it for himself, while he was not allowed that with the Zakah.
The Muslims accepted this rule happily and the fighters in a battle were happy to give of their war bounty to the less able ones, the orphans and the poor, and this was a sign of their strong faith. Allah the Highest said: “BUT, BY YOUR LORD, THEY WILL NOT TRULY BELIEVE UNTIL THEY SEEK YOUR JUDGMENT IN THEIR DISPUTES, AND THEN FEEL NO UPSET IN THEIR HEARTS BECAUSE OF YOUR JUDGMENT, AND THEY SURRENDER TOTALLY”. (S:4 A:65)
I would like to explain what the Way-Farer is. He is a person away from home, who ran out of money or ran into difficulties, and needs help. However, he is not near his money, blood relations or friends to ask them for help. He is not usually poor or needy at home, but he is in this situation and is poor and in need while he is away from home. He can be given of the fifth of the war bounty and also of the Zakah money.
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